Many factors can contribute to elevated blood cholesterol levels. Some of these factors are controllable.  Others are not.

The main uncontrollable factor is genetics, which can - at least to some extent - determine cholesterol levels.  One genetic condition is called familial hypercholesterolemia; in this situation, a mutation on chromosome 19 reduces the body’s ability to filter LDL cholesterol out of the blood.  Cholesterol levels can also be affected by seemingly unrelated conditions, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, and others.

But some causes of high cholesterol - particularly lifestyle-related ones - are controllable.  A lack of exercise, a person's weight, and a high-fat diet can all lead to elevated blood cholesterol levels.  Even for those with genetic predispositions to high cholesterol levels, lifestyle changes can be effective in reducing cholesterol levels and increasing overall quality of life.  In some cases, medication may also be necessary to address hypercholesterolemia.

Current scientific evidence suggests that vitamins and minerals alone will not significantly lower cholesterol levels. However, a growing number of studies show a positive correlation between fish oil supplementation and reduced triglycerides, so concerned individuals may want to discuss use of a fish oil product with their doctor.